How Much Do You Know About Melanoma?

Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer, yet it is the least common type. It occurs when the pigment-producing cells called melanocytes change and become cancer. Melanocytes are skin cells responsible for giving color to the skin. Clusters of melanocytes form moles, which are very common. Melanoma can develop in people of all ages, but is most often seen in older adults and in young adults.

That's why sun protection is critical during childhood and adolescence.

If you have many atypical moles, called dysplastic nevi, and several close relatives who have melanoma, you have twice the risk of developing melanoma. Having more than 50 normal moles, also increases your risk of developing melanoma.

The colors can include a combination of white, red or blue, or brown and black.

Melanoma spreads quickly and is lethal. Early detection is critical.

Sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 should be applied to exposed skin every day, and not just if you are going to be in the sun. UVB rays cannot penetrate glass windows, but UVA rays can, so even when you're indoors your skin can be damaged if unprotected. For days when you are going to be indoors, apply sunscreen to skin not covered by clothing, such as the face and hands.

SPF only measures protection against UVB rays, which cause sunburn. UVA rays are more harmful, however, and penetrate deeper into the skin. The AAD recommends using a broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB rays.

Apply sunscreen at least 15 minutes before going outside.

A growing dark spot on the iris, or change in the color of the iris may indicate melanoma.